Angola

Democratic Republic of the Congo

Rwanda

Military & Security

Politics

The Democratic Republic of the Congo and Rwanda reached an agreement regarding the disarmament of the radical Hutu Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda, or FDLR, in eastern Congo, the state-owned Angola Press News Agency reported on Oct. 13. 

Congo, Rwanda: Angola Reports Agreement Over FDLR's Disarmament

Mozambique

Economics

The Democratic Republic of the Congo's military launched operations against the radical Hutu Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda group, or FDLR, on Sept. 23, Jeune Afrique reported on Sept. 27.

Congo: Military Begins Operations Against FDLR, Targets Allied Wazalendo Militia

Angolan Foreign Minister Tete Antonio held talks with Congolese President Felix Tshisekedi regarding the progress of peace talks between the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Rwanda, Radio Okapi reported on Sept. 20.

Congo, Rwanda: Angola Steps Up Efforts To Consolidate Eastern Congo Cease-Fire 

Clashes erupted between the Congolese military and Rwanda-backed M23 militants near Congo's eastern town of Kirumba despite an Aug.4 ceasefire, Reuters reported on Aug. 25.

Congo, Rwanda: Clashes Erupt Between Congolese Military and M23 Despite Ceasefire

Environment, Science & Technology

Science & Technology

The World Health Organization (WHO) declared an mpox outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and neighboring countries a "public health emergency of international concern" (PHEIC), Reuters reported Aug. 15.

Africa: WHO Labels Africa's Mpox Outbreak a Global Public Health Emergency

Congolese President Felix Tshisekedi and Angolan President Joao Lourenco expressed their satisfaction with the implementation of an Aug. 4 ceasefire in eastern Congo, Radio France Internationale reported Aug. 12. 

Congo: Tshisekedi Expresses Content With Eastern Congo Ceasefire

Angola announced that it had mediated a cease-fire in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo after holding mediation talks between Congo and Rwanda, Reuters reported on July 30.

Congo, Rwanda: Angola Announces Cease-Fire in Eastern Congo 

Europe

Energy

French oil major TotalEnergies hired security guards from Isco Seguranca, a company linked to Rwanda's ruling Rwandan Patriotic Front party, or RPF, to protect the site of its Mozambique LNG, the Financial Times reported on July 17.

Mozambique, Rwanda: TotalEnergies Hires State-Linked Rwandan Firms for Mozambique LNG Project 

Assessments

China

(Photo by ALFREDO ZUNIGA/AFP via Getty Images)

Mozambique's ruling Frelimo party will likely remain in power in the upcoming general election and maintain close ties with Rwanda, the European Union and China, as well as ensure broad continuity in the liquified natural gas sector, but the probable electoral manipulation will likely trigger anti-government protests.

stag: Mozambique's General Election Brings LNG Contracts Centerstage

South Sudan

Central African Republic

A Rwandan soldier walks in front of a burned truck near Palma in Mozambique’s Cabo Delgado region on Sept. 22, 2021. 

Rwanda's Growing Military Influence in Africa: Opportunities and Risks

Russia

Frelimo electoral posters are plastered on a wall in Maputo, Mozambique, on Aug. 24, 2024, the first day of the presidential campaign season ahead of the general election on Oct. 9, 2024.

Global Elections

Mozambique's upcoming general election will likely bring another five years of Frelimo rule, though an independent candidate is drawing LNG contracts to the forefront of the campaign season.

Mozambique's General Election Brings LNG Contracts Centerstage

Congolese soldiers sit in a military vehicle in Kamanyola, a village in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo, on Feb. 28, 2024. 

The intensifying fight against M23 rebels in eastern Congo risks triggering border clashes with Rwanda that could threaten Congolese President Tshisekedi's government and risk disrupting Congo's cobalt exports.

Where Is the Conflict in Eastern Congo Headed?

Sub-Saharan Africa

Cote d'Ivoire

Eritrea

Senegal

Sudan

Togo

Uganda

People flee their neighborhoods in Khartoum, Sudan, amid fighting between the army and paramilitary troops on April 19, 2023. 

Government institutions in eastern and western Africa remain relatively strong, but potential succession crises, simmering unrest and weak leaders still pose latent risks.

Assessing the Risk of Future African Coups, Part 2: West and East Africa

Snapshots

M23 fighters guard the area during a meeting between the rebel group and East African Regional Force (EACRF) officials at the Rumangabo camp in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo on Jan. 6, 2023.

The latest flare-up over an alleged airspace violation increases the risk of Congolese retaliatory measures that could limit the progress of peace processes in eastern Congo.

Rwanda's Attack on a Congolese Jet Escalates Border Tensions

Media

Podcasts

We discuss the latest flare-up of violence near the country's eastern border with Rwanda and what it means for other nearby nations. 


Essential Geopolitics: What’s Going on in the Democratic Republic of the Congo?

Kenya

South Africa

Colombia

United States

Taiwan

A Chinese military vessel on Aug. 5, 2022, sails off Pingtan Island, Fujian province, one of mainland China's closest points to Taiwan. Beijing is likely to continue rolling out new methods of economic coercion against U.S. and Taiwanese companies in the coming week.

U.S.-China Relations

A look at what the coming week will bring -- and a list of recommended RANE articles from the week that was.

The Weekly Rundown: Colombia's President Takes Office, China Coerces Taiwan

A Congolese army tank heads toward the eastern city of Goma on May 25, 2022, amid clashes with M23 rebels. 

Rwanda’s alleged support of militants active in eastern Congo will continue to undermine efforts to restore stability in the war-torn, resource-rich region.

Rwanda's Role in Congo’s Forever War

Burundi

Tanzania

The president of the Democratic Republic of Congo, Felix Tshisekedi, speaks during the African Union (AU) Summit in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, on Feb. 5, 2022.

Security

East African Integration

Congo's ports will grant the East African Community access to the Atlantic Ocean, but the country's overall poor infrastructure and security will limit the volume of trade with other bloc members. 

How Congo's EAC Membership Will Alter Trade in East Africa

A military convoy from a multinational intervention force on Aug. 5, 2021, in Pemba, Mozambique. Islamic State-backed militants appear to be shifting to a guerrilla insurgency in northern Mozambique, while intervening countries face a risk of reprisal attacks at home.

The Fight Against the Islamic State

Islamic State-backed militants appear to be shifting to a guerrilla insurgency in northern Mozambique, while intervening countries face a risk of reprisal attacks at home.

In Mozambique, a Victory Against Jihadists Likely Signals a New Guerrilla Campaign

Columns

On Security

Belarus

Saudi Arabia

Belarusian President Aleksandr Lukashenko on May 28, 2021, in Minsk, Belarus. Sanctions and expulsions might not outweigh the benefits for Minsk of suppressing its exiled opposition.

The Fight for Russia’s Borderlands

Sanctions and expulsions might not outweigh the benefits for Minsk of suppressing its exiled opposition.

Belarus Might Find Its RyanAir Forced Landing Worth The Blowback

Rwanda is a landlocked African country located in Central and East Africa. It is bordered by Uganda to the north, Tanzania to the east, Burundi to the south and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west.    The country is firmly ensconced in Africa's Great Lakes region, which is dominated by bodies of water, such as Lake Victoria, that have acted as regional trade and communication thoroughfares for centuries or longer. Rwanda thus shares some linguistic and cultural similarities with Uganda, Kenya, Burundi and other Great Lakes countries. These ties have helped fuel the development of the East African Community, an intergovernmental organization charged with greater integration among its members.    Rwanda's greatest challenge is twofold. First, it must manage its ethnic diversity. The ethnic cleavages that were developed and fostered under Belgian colonialism helped drive the country to one of the 20th century's worst genocides. Since 1994, the capital city of Kigali has clamped down on many forms of dissent in order to maintain internal order. A critical question going forward is if Rwanda's political system can reform and open up to foster deeper reconciliation in the years ahead.    Rwanda must also manage its landlocked position. With no access to the sea, Rwanda must manage the high costs of doing business, in terms of exports and imports, and remains dependent on maintaining good relations with its coastal neighbors. In order to mitigate these constraints, Rwanda has tried to turn itself into the "Singapore of Central Africa," improving its internal infrastructure and pushing for regional infrastructure projects to help link it to markets beyond.

SITUATION REPORTS

Congo, Rwanda: Angola Reports Agreement Over FDLR's Disarmament

Congo: Military Begins Operations Against FDLR, Targets Allied Wazalendo Militia

Congo, Rwanda: Angola Steps Up Efforts To Consolidate Eastern Congo Cease-Fire

Congo, Rwanda: Clashes Erupt Between Congolese Military and M23 Despite Ceasefire

Africa: WHO Labels Africa's Mpox Outbreak a Global Public Health Emergency

Congo: Tshisekedi Expresses Content With Eastern Congo Ceasefire

Congo, Rwanda: Angola Announces Cease-Fire in Eastern Congo

Mozambique, Rwanda: TotalEnergies Hires State-Linked Rwandan Firms for Mozambique LNG Project

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